Appendix L: Index

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538 AD 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, App. D

Belisarius and Rome; historicist starting-point correlation 8, App. D

1260 years (prophecy) 8, App. D, App. J

1798 AD 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, App. D

deadly wound in historicist interpretation 8

Napoleon and the Pope 8, App. D

2300 days 4, 8

1844 and sanctuary cleansing 4

A

Adventist. See Seventh-day Adventist Church

Alcazar, Luis de 8, 11, App. B, App. J

influential early-modern preterist formulation 8

Alexandrian text type 6, App. H, App. I, App. J

Sinaiticus and Vaticanus App. I

Anabaptists 7, 16, App. B

Antichrist 4, 5, 8, 11

historicist identification 8

Protestant Reformers on 8, 11

Apocrypha App. H, App. J

excluded from Protestant canon App. H

Apostolic practice 6, 7, App. B, App. B (post-resurrection)

Aquinas, Thomas App. C

Arius App. G, App. J

Arianism App. G

Athanasius App. B, App. K

Nicene controversy App. G

Athinganoi (Phrygian group) 7

hostile report that they “seem to observe the Sabbath” without circumcision; not identified as Paulicians 7

Augustine 2, 3, 5, 7, 9

Authority (Scripture, tradition and Church) 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, App. C, App. B (ecclesiology)

Catholic explanations of Sunday obligation 3, App. C

Scripture vs tradition 3, 9

B

Babylon 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14

as religious system 12

call to come out of 14

daughters of 12

Bacchiocchi, Samuele 3, 6, App. B

From Sabbath to Sunday 3

Beast (of Revelation) 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11

identification criteria 8

image to 11

mark of. See Mark of the Beast

Berthier, Louis-Alexandre 8

commanded the French forces that entered Rome and proclaimed the Roman Republic (1798); French authorities subsequently removed Pope Pius VI 8

Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) 7

long-established Sabbath practice; origins debated 7

Bible versions App. H, App. I

Black Hebrew Israelites 7

diverse Saturday-observing communities 7

Blue laws. See Sunday laws

Bohemian Sabbatarians 7

hostile report that “some” celebrated the Sabbath; extent unknown 7

Brabourne, Theophilus 1

Byzantine text-type 7, 8, 13, 14, App. H, App. I, App. J

Textus Receptus tradition App. H, App. I

C

Calvin, John 3, 8

Catechism 2, 3, 8, App. C

Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Church

Celtic Christians 7

Ireland, Scotland, Wales 7

distinctive practice; limited direct Sabbath evidence 7

Charagma (Greek: mark) 5, 10, App. J

imperial and commercial uses 5

contrast with sphragizo (seal) 5

Chrysostom, John 7, App. B

anti-Judaizing polemic documents Christians joining named Jewish practices; it is not a positive Sabbatarian program App. B

on Peter’s confession 7

Church authority, Catholic App. B

See also Authority (Scripture, tradition and Church); Sola Scriptura

Close of Christ's mediatorial ministry 4, 14, App. J

Codex Justinianus 7

Constantine’s Sunday law text 7

Colossians 2:16 2, 3, 12, App. B, App. C

Commandments. See Ten Commandments; Fourth Commandment

Constantine 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16

Sunday civil-rest measure (321 AD) 7, 8

Edict of Milan (313 AD) 7

church-state transformation 7

Council of Chalcedon (451 AD) App. G, App. J

two natures in one person App. G

Council of Constantinople, Third (680–681 AD) App. G, App. J

dyothelitism defined App. G

Council of Laodicea (c. 363–364 AD) 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 16, App. J

Canon 29 against Sabbath rest as Judaizing 7

Council of Nicaea (325 AD) 7, App. G, App. J

homoousios formula App. G

Council of Trent (1545–1563) 2, 3, 9, App. C

Scripture, Tradition and Catholic authority 3

Counter-Reformation 7, 8, 11, App. H, App. I

prophetic interpretations (Ribera, Alcazar) 8

Covenant 2, 5, 6, 15, App. B

new covenant writes law on hearts 2, App. B

Sabbath as perpetual sign 5

Creation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15

Sabbath as memorial of 2, 5

Crosier, O.R.L. App. D, Bib.

“The Law of Moses” (1846) App. D

D

Daniel (book of) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16

chapter 7 (four beasts) 8

little horn prophecy 4, 7, 8

Day of Atonement 4, App. J

heavenly antitype 4

Deadly wound 8, 11, 12

healing of 8, 11

Decius, Emperor (249–251 AD) 10, App. J

libellus system 10

Didascalia Apostolorum 7

third-century Paschal Sabbath polemic 7

Dispensationalism 13, App. E, App. J

Dyothelitism (two natural wills) App. G, App. J

Gethsemane in dyothelite interpretation App. G

Maximus the Confessor App. G

E

Ecumenism 9, 11, 12, App. J

Catholic ecumenical vision and Protestant participation 9

Edict of Milan (313 AD). See Constantine

Ellen White. See White, Ellen G.

Erasmus of Rotterdam App. I

printed Greek New Testament and Textus Receptus debates App. I

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 7

2017 report of a 36 million estimate based on 2010 data 7

Acts 8 connection 7

ancient Saturday liturgy and dual observance 7

Eusebius of Caesarea 9

source for the Victor-Polycrates Paschal dispute 9

Ezekiel 9 5

forehead marking precedent 5

F

False Prophet (second beast) 10, 11, App. J

Protestant-American identification in Adventist historicism 10

See also Image to the beast

First day of the week 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, App. B

biblical references examined App. B

Fischer, Andreas 7

death after capture c. 1539–1540 in a secondary reconstruction 7

See also Bohemian Sabbatarians

Fourth Commandment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, App. A

as seal of God in Adventist historicism 5

Catholic authority and the Sabbath/Sunday dispute 2, 3

Futurism 8, 11

influential Counter-Reformation formulation 8

G

Geneva Bible App. I

pre-KJV Protestant translation App. I

Gibbons, Cardinal James 3, App. C

Catholic Mirror authority argument 3

Gill, John 13, Bib.

on “spirit of prophecy” definition 13

Glait, Oswald 7, 12

drowned in Danube 1546 7

See also Bohemian Sabbatarians

Grace, and obedience App. B

Grace, and Sabbath-keeping 2, 13, App. B

Graham, Henry G. 3

on the Catholic Church before the Bible 3

Gregory (popes) 2, 9, 11, 12, 16

H

Hebrews 4 (sabbatismos) 3, 15, App. A, App. B

Historicism 4, 8, 9, 11

definition 8

vs. futurism and preterism 8

Homoousios (of one substance) App. G, App. J

Nicene Creed formula App. G

Christology Synthesis App. G

Hostile witness principle 3, App. C, Epilogue

House churches 7, 14

pre-Constantinian model 7, 14

plural elders pattern 14

I

Idolatry 1, 3, 9, 11, 13

author’s journey from 1

Ignatius of Antioch 3, 9, App. B

Epistle to the Magnesians App. B

Image to the beast 11

Indulgences 3, App. I

Inquisition 8, App. J

Investigative Judgment (Pre-Advent Judgment) 4, App. J

1844 and sanctuary cleansing 4

Irenaeus of Lyon App. F, App. G

J

Jerome 7, App. H, App. I

Vulgate translator App. H

Jesuits 8, 9, 11, 13, App. B

influential early-modern futurist and preterist formulations 8

See also Ribera; Alcazar

Jesus Christ 1, 6, 15, 16, App. G

and the Sabbath 6, App. B

Lord of the Sabbath 6

Jubilees, Book of 15, App. J

cosmic Sabbath witness 15

Dead Sea Scrolls manuscripts 15

Justin Martyr 7, App. F, App. G, App. K, Bib.

First Apology 67 (c. 155 AD) 7

mid-second-century Sunday worship description 7

Justinian 8, App. D

legal recognition of the Roman see (533–545) and the 538 historicist marker 8

K

Karaites 7

Scripture-only Jewish movement 7

Torah-based Sabbath in a distinct Jewish tradition 7

King James Version (KJV) App. H, App. I

L

Laodicea. See Council of Laodicea

Law (moral vs ceremonial) 2, 6, App. B, App. B (OT continuity), App. E

Law, Old Testament continuity App. B

Decalogue prominence and transformed ceremonial law 6, App. B

Colossians 2:16 context App. B

Legalism objection App. B

See also Grace, and obedience

Leo (popes) 8, 11

Libellus (Roman certificate) 10, App. J

religious loyalty certificate; not a buying-and-selling pass 10

Little horn (Daniel 7) 4, 7, 8

identification criteria 8

“think to change times and laws” 4, 8

Lord’s Day 6, App. B

Loud cry 14, App. J

Lunar Sabbath App. J

Luther, Martin 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12

on papal Antichrist 8

M

Mark of the Beast 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

future enforced Sunday observance as the proposed public test in Adventist historicism; Revelation does not name Sunday 5, 10

Martyrs 1, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16

Barbara of Thiers (1529) 7

Sabbath-related and broader dissent 7

Tolinger, Christina 7

Masoretic Text App. H, App. J

Hebrew Old Testament tradition App. H

Mass (Catholic) 9, 12, App. C, App. J

Council of Trent definition 9, App. C

Hebrews “once for all” contrast 9, App. C

Miller, William App. D, Bib.

Baptist, 2300-day prophecy App. D

Milton, John 7

Monarchia (Father as source) App. G, App. J

Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 29.15 App. G

filioque rejection App. G

Moneta of Cremona 7

Sabbath controversy in a polemic against Cathars and Waldenses 7

limits of attributing the charge to every Waldensian group 7

Moravians 7

Zinzendorf on Sabbath observance 7

N

Nazarenes (early Jewish Christians) 7

later writers report Christ-confessing Jewish Christians who retained Mosaic practices; a uniform Sabbath practice and direct institutional continuity are not independently established 7

New Age 1, 14

Newton, Isaac 8, App. G

historicist prophetic interpretation 8

subordinationist theology App. G

O

Objections answered App. B

Origen of Alexandria App. G

early church father App. G

P

Papacy. See Roman Catholic Church

Paul, apostle 1, 2, 3, 6, 7

and the Sabbath 6, App. B

Persecution 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

of Sabbath-keepers 7, 10

Piedmont massacre (1655) 7

death estimates vary; massacre not Sabbath-specific 7

Milton’s sonnet 7

Pius (popes) 8, 11, 16

Pope. See Roman Catholic Church

Post-resurrection practice App. B

See also Apostolic practice

Preterism 8, 11

influential Counter-Reformation formulation 8

Prophecy. See Daniel; Revelation; Historicism

Protestant Reformation. See Reformation

Protestantism 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14

on papal Antichrist 8

Sunday inheritance 3, 12

R

Reformation 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12

incomplete 12

Reformers on papal Antichrist 8, 11

Remnant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Epilogue

loyalty to God and Jesus under pressure; no denominational algorithm 13

Rest (sabbatismos) 1, 15, Epilogue, App. J

“there remaineth a rest” (Hebrews 4:9) 15, Epilogue

thematic thread 1, 15, Epilogue

Revelation (book of) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Epilogue

chapter 13 (two beasts) 8, 11

chapter 14 (three angels) 4

chapter 17–18 (Babylon) 12, 14

Ribera, Francisco 8, 11, App. B, App. J

influential early-modern futurist formulation 8

Roman Catholic Church 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, App. C

Catholic explanations of Sunday authority 3, App. C

catechetical numbering and summaries 2

papal identification in historicist interpretation 8

Romans 4:11 5, App. B

sign equals seal precedent 5

S

Sabbath 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Epilogue, App. A, App. B

at Creation 2, 6

how to keep 15

in the new-earth vision Epilogue

Jesus and 6

seventh day 2, App. A

vs. Sunday App. A

Sanctuary (heavenly) 4, App. J

cleansing of (Daniel 8:14) 4

Most Holy Place 4

Satan 1, 4, 5, 12

“angel of light” deception (2 Corinthians 11:14–15) 1

“lying wonders” (2 Thessalonians 2:9) 1

Seal of God 5, 9, 10, 14

Sabbath identification in Adventist historicism 5

Septuagint (LXX) App. H, App. I, App. J

Seventh Day Baptists 7

documented since the early seventeenth century 7

Stephen Mumford (1664) 7

Seventh-day Adventist Church 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Shahbaz, Rashid 1

testimony from Muslim background 1

Sign (Sabbath as) 2, 5, App. B

Exodus 31:13, 17 5

Ezekiel 20:12, 20 5

See also Seal of God

Sinai, Mount 1, 2, 5

God came down to man 1

law given 2

Sinaiticus (Codex) App. H, App. I, App. J

Alexandrian manuscript family App. I

Sola Scriptura 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, App. B (ecclesiology)

Soul, state of the dead App. E, App. F

Sphragizo (Greek: seal) 5, App. J

seal of covenant belonging 5

contrast with charagma (mark) 5

Spirit of prophecy 13, App. J

genitive and authority claims examined 13

Spiritualism 1, 9, App. E, App. F

author’s journey through 1

Subbotniks (Russian Sabbatarians) 7

diverse origins, identities and Sabbath practice 7

Sunday 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, App. A, App. B

Catholic claims concerning Sunday authority 3, 5

Catholic claims of authority 3, App. C

no biblical command for 3, App. B

Sunday laws 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16

current laws and advocacy 10

historical 7, 8

Szekler Sabbatarians 7

documented Transylvanian movement from the late sixteenth century 7

deportation and murder during the Holocaust (1944) 7

village flooded (1988) 7

T

Ten Commandments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13

Catholic and Protestant numbering traditions 2

Tertullian 7, App. F, App. G, Bib.

described Sabbaths as “strange” to his Christian circle (c. 200 AD); not a universal calendar claim 7

Textus Receptus App. H, App. I

Thread (remnant) 1, 7, Epilogue

recurring but non-continuous Sabbath witness 7

book’s central metaphor 1, Epilogue

Three angels’ messages 4

Three kingdoms (uprooted) 8

Heruli, Vandals, Ostrogoths 8

“Times and laws” (Daniel 7:25) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 16

Tolinger, Christina. See Martyrs

Transubstantiation App. C, App. J

See also Mass (Catholic)

Traske, Dorothy 7

long imprisonment; died in confinement 7

Trinity, history of doctrine App. G

Tyndale, William App. B, App. I

influence on KJV New Testament wording App. I

U

United States 5, 7, 10, App. A, App. D

earth-beast identification in Adventist historicism 10

Sunday legislation history 10

V

Vatican. See Roman Catholic Church

Vaticanus (Codex) App. H, App. I, App. J

textual differences and disputed readings App. I

Vulgate (Latin Bible) App. H, App. I

Jerome’s translation App. I

W

Waldenses 7

Piedmont valleys 7

Sabbath controversy in Moneta’s polemic; attribution limits 7

1655 massacre 7

Westcott and Hort App. H, App. I

White, Ellen G. 3, 7, 12, 13

Witnesses, hostile. See Hostile witness principle

Worship 1, 4, 5, 9, 12

true vs false 4, 5

Sabbath as proposed allegiance sign in Adventist historicism 5

See also Sabbath; Sunday

Y

Year-day principle 8

proposed biblical analogies 8

Z

Zinzendorf, Count Nikolaus Ludwig von 7

Moravian leader 7

“for many years already I have used the Sabbath for rest, as [I have used] our Sunday for the proclamation of the gospel” (1738); personal practice, not a Moravian rule 7