Appendix L: Index

This index covers chapters 1–16, the epilogue, and Appendices A–K. References use chapter numbers and appendix letters (for example, 5 and App. B). Bib. points to the complete web bibliography.

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538 AD 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, App. D

Belisarius and Rome; historicist starting-point correlation 12, App. D

1260 years (prophecy) 12, App. D, App. J

1798 AD 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, App. D

deadly wound in historicist interpretation 12

Napoleon and the Pope 12, App. D

2300 days 10, 12

1844 and sanctuary cleansing 10

A

Adventist. See Seventh-day Adventist Church

Alcazar, Luis de 12, 15, App. B, App. J

influential early-modern preterist formulation 12

Alexandrian text type App. H, App. I, App. J

Sinaiticus and Vaticanus App. I

Anabaptists 5, 9, App. B

Antichrist 10, 11, 12, 15

historicist identification 12

Protestant Reformers on 12, 15

Apocrypha App. H, App. J

excluded from Protestant canon App. H

Apostolic practice 3, 5, App. B, App. B (post-resurrection)

Aquinas, Thomas App. C

Arius App. G, App. J

Arianism App. G

Athanasius App. B, App. K

Nicene controversy App. G

Athinganoi (Phrygian group) 5

hostile report that they “seem to observe the Sabbath” without circumcision; not identified as Paulicians 5

Augustine 2, 4, 5, 11, 13

Authority (Scripture, tradition, and Church) 2, 4, 11, 13, 15, App. B (ecclesiology), App. C

Catholic explanations of Sunday obligation 4, App. C

Scripture vs tradition 4, 13

B

Babylon 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16

as religious system 16

call to come out of 7

daughters of 16

Bacchiocchi, Samuele 3, 4, App. B

From Sabbath to Sunday 4

Baptism in the Holy Spirit App. G

Beast (of Revelation) 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

identification criteria 12

image to 15

mark of. See Mark of the Beast

Berthier, Louis-Alexandre 12

commanded the French forces that entered Rome and proclaimed the Roman Republic (1798); French authorities subsequently removed Pope Pius VI 12

Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) 5

long-established Sabbath practice; origins debated 5

Bible versions App. H, App. I

Blue laws. See Sunday laws

Bohemian Sabbatarians 5

hostile report that “some” celebrated the Sabbath; extent unknown 5

Byzantine text-type App. H, App. I, App. J

Textus Receptus tradition App. H, App. I

C

Calvin, John 4, 12

Catechism 2, 4, 12, App. C

Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Church

Celtic Christians 5

Ireland, Scotland, Wales 5

distinctive practice; limited direct Sabbath evidence 5

Charagma (Greek: mark) 11, 14, App. J

imperial and commercial uses 11

comparison with sphragizo (seal) 11

Chrysostom, John App. B

anti-Judaizing polemic documents Christians joining named Jewish practices; it is not a positive Sabbatarian program App. B

on Peter’s confession 5

Church authority, Catholic App. B

See also Authority (Scripture, tradition, and Church); Sola Scriptura

Close of Christ's mediatorial ministry App. J

Codex Justinianus 5

Constantine’s Sunday law text 5

Colossians 2:16 2, 4, 16, App. B, App. C

Commandments. See Ten Commandments; Fourth Commandment

Constantine 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15

Sunday civil-rest measure (321 AD) 5, 12

Edict of Milan (313 AD) 5

church-state transformation 5

Council of Chalcedon (451 AD) App. G, App. J

two natures in one person App. G

Council of Constantinople, Third (680–681 AD) App. G, App. J

dyothelitism defined App. G

Council of Laodicea (c. 363–364 AD) 4, 5, 9, 11, 14, 15, App. J

Canon 29 against Sabbath rest as Judaizing 5

Council of Nicaea (325 AD) 5, App. G, App. J

homoousios formula App. G

Council of Trent (1545–1563) 2, 4, 13, App. C

Scripture, Tradition, and Catholic authority 4

Counter-Reformation App. I, App. J

prophetic interpretations (Ribera, Alcazar) 12

Covenant 2, 3, 8, 11, App. B

new covenant writes law on hearts 2, App. B

Sabbath as perpetual sign 11

Creation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11

Sabbath as memorial of 2, 11

Crosier, O.R.L. App. D, Bib.

“The Law of Moses” (1846) App. D

D

Daniel (book of) 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15

chapter 7 (four beasts) 12

little horn prophecy 5, 10, 12

Day of Atonement 10, App. J

heavenly antitype 10

Deadly wound 12, 15, 16

healing of 12, 15

Decius, Emperor (249–251 AD) 14, App. J

libellus system 14

Didascalia Apostolorum 5

third-century Paschal Sabbath polemic 5

Dispensationalism 6, App. E, App. J

Dyothelitism (two natural wills) App. G, App. J

Gethsemane in dyothelite interpretation App. G

Maximus the Confessor App. G

E

Ecumenism 13, 15, 16, App. J

Catholic ecumenical vision and Protestant participation 13

Edict of Milan (313 AD). See Constantine

Ellen White. See White, Ellen G.

Erasmus of Rotterdam App. I

printed Greek New Testament and Textus Receptus debates App. I

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 5

2017 report of a 36 million estimate based on 2010 data 5

Acts 8 connection 5

ancient Saturday liturgy and dual observance 5

Eusebius of Caesarea 13

source for the Victor-Polycrates Paschal dispute 13

Ezekiel 9 11

forehead marking precedent 11

F

False Prophet (second beast) 14, 15, App. J

Protestant-American identification in Adventist historicism 14

See also Image to the beast

First day of the week 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, App. B

biblical references examined App. B

Fischer, Andreas 5

death after capture c. 1539–1540 in a secondary reconstruction 5

See also Bohemian Sabbatarians

Fourth Commandment 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, App. A

as seal of God in Adventist historicism 11

Catholic authority and the Sabbath/Sunday dispute 2, 4

Futurism 12, 15

influential Counter-Reformation formulation App. J

G

Geneva Bible App. I

pre-KJV Protestant translation App. I

Gibbons, Cardinal James 4, App. C

Catholic Mirror authority argument 4

Gill, John 6, Bib.

on “spirit of prophecy” definition 6

Glait, Oswald 5, 16

drowned in Danube 1546 5

See also Bohemian Sabbatarians

Grace, and obedience App. B

Grace, and Sabbath-keeping 2, 6, App. B

Graham, Henry G. 4

on the Catholic Church before the Bible 4

Gregory (popes) 2, 9, 13, 15, 16

H

Hebrews 4 (sabbatismos) 4, 8, App. A, App. B

Historicism 10, 12, 13, 15

definition 12

vs. futurism and preterism 12

Holy Spirit App. G

baptism, tongues, and gifts App. G

Homoousios (of one substance) App. G, App. J

Nicene Creed formula App. G

Christology Synthesis App. G

Hostile witness principle 4, Epilogue, App. C

House churches 5, 7

pre-Constantinian model 5, 7

plural elders pattern 7

I

Idolatry 1, 4, 6, 13, 15

author’s journey from 1

Ignatius of Antioch 4, 13, App. B

Epistle to the Magnesians App. B

Image to the beast 15

Indulgences 4, App. I

Inquisition 12, App. J

Investigative Judgment (Pre-Advent Judgment) 10, App. J

1844 and sanctuary cleansing 10

Irenaeus of Lyon App. F, App. G

J

Jerome 5, App. H, App. I

Vulgate translator App. H

Jesuits 6, 12, 13, 15, App. B

influential early-modern futurist and preterist formulations 12

See also Ribera; Alcazar

Jesus Christ 1, 3, 8, 9, App. G

and the Sabbath 3, App. B

Lord of the Sabbath 3

Jubilees, Book of App. H, App. J

cosmic Sabbath witness App. H

Qumran Hebrew copy App. H

Justin Martyr 5, App. F, App. G, App. K, Bib.

First Apology 67 (c. 155 AD) 5

mid-second-century Sunday worship description 5

Justinian 12, App. D

legal recognition of the Roman see (533–545) and the 538 historicist marker 12

K

King James Version (KJV) App. H, App. I

L

Laodicea. See Council of Laodicea

Law (moral vs ceremonial) 2, 3, App. B, App. B (OT continuity), App. E

Law, Old Testament continuity App. B

Decalogue prominence and transformed ceremonial law 3, App. B

Colossians 2:16 context App. B

Legalism objection App. B

See also Grace, and obedience

Leo (popes) 12, 15

Libellus (Roman certificate) 14, App. J

religious loyalty certificate; not a buying-and-selling pass 14

Little horn (Daniel 7) 5, 10, 12

identification criteria 12

“think to change times and laws” 10, 12

Lord’s Day 3, App. B

Loud cry 16, App. J

Lunar Sabbath App. J

Luther, Martin 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 15, 16

on papal Antichrist 12

M

Mark of the Beast 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

future enforced Sunday observance as the proposed public test in Adventist historicism; Revelation does not name Sunday 11, 14

Martyrs 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14

Barbara of Thiers (1529) 5

Sabbath-related and broader dissent 5

Tolinger, Christina: long imprisonment; died in confinement 5

Masoretic Text App. H, App. J

Hebrew Old Testament tradition App. H

Mass (Catholic) 13, 16, App. C, App. J

Council of Trent definition 13, App. C

Hebrews “once for all” contrast 13, App. C

Miller, William App. D, Bib.

Baptist, 2300-day prophecy App. D

Milton, John App. I, App. J, Bib.

Monarchia (Father as source) App. G, App. J

Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 29.15 App. G

filioque rejection App. G

Moneta of Cremona 5

Sabbath controversy in a polemic against Cathars and Waldenses 5

limits of attributing the charge to every Waldensian group 5

Moravians 5

Zinzendorf on Sabbath observance 5

N

Nazarenes (early Jewish Christians) 5

later writers report Christ-confessing Jewish Christians who retained Mosaic practices; a uniform Sabbath practice and direct institutional continuity are not independently established 5

New Age 1, 7

Newton, Isaac 12, App. G

historicist prophetic interpretation 12

subordinationist theology App. G

O

Objections answered App. B

Origen of Alexandria App. G

early church father App. G

P

Papacy. See Roman Catholic Church

Paul, apostle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

and the Sabbath 3, App. B

Persecution 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

of Sabbath-keepers 5, 14

Piedmont massacre (1655) 5

death estimates vary; massacre not Sabbath-specific 5

Milton’s sonnet App. I

Pius (popes) 9, 12, 15

Pope. See Roman Catholic Church

Post-resurrection practice App. B

See also Apostolic practice

Preterism 12, 15

influential Counter-Reformation formulation App. J

Prophecy. See Daniel; Revelation; Historicism

Protestant Reformation. See Reformation

Protestantism 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16

on papal Antichrist 12

Sunday inheritance 4, 16

R

Reformation 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16

incomplete 16

Reformers on papal Antichrist 12, 15

Remnant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Epilogue

loyalty to God and Jesus under pressure; no denominational algorithm 6

Rest (sabbatismos) 1, 8, Epilogue, App. J

“there remaineth therefore a rest” (Hebrews 4:9) 8, Epilogue

thematic thread 1, 8, Epilogue

Revelation (book of) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Epilogue

chapter 13 (two beasts) 12, 15

chapter 14 (three angels) 10

chapter 17–18 (Babylon) 7, 16

Ribera, Francisco 12, 15, App. B, App. J

influential early-modern futurist formulation 12

Roman Catholic Church 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, App. C

Catholic explanations of Sunday authority 4, App. C

catechetical numbering and summaries 2

papal identification in historicist interpretation 12

Romans 4:11 11, App. B

circumcision described as both sign and seal 11

S

Sabbath 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Epilogue, App. A, App. B

at Creation 2, 3

how to keep 8

in the new-earth vision Epilogue

Jesus and 3

seventh day 2, App. A

vs. Sunday App. A

Sanctuary (heavenly) 10, App. J

cleansing of (Daniel 8:14) 10

Most Holy Place 10

Satan 1, 10, 11, 16

“angel of light” deception (2 Corinthians 11:14–15) 1

“lying wonders” (2 Thessalonians 2:9) 1

Seal of God 7, 11, 13, 14

Sabbath identification in Adventist historicism 11

Septuagint (LXX) App. H, App. I, App. J

Seventh Day Baptists 5

documented since the early seventeenth century 5

Stephen Mumford (1664) 5

Seventh-day Adventist Church 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16

Shahbaz, Rashid 1

testimony from Muslim background 1

Sign (Sabbath as) 2, 11, App. B

Exodus 31:13, 17 11

Ezekiel 20:12, 20 11

See also Seal of God

Sinai, Mount 1, 2, 11

God came down to man 1

law given 2

Sinaiticus (Codex) App. H, App. I, App. J

Alexandrian manuscript family App. I

Sola Scriptura 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 15, 16, App. B (ecclesiology)

Soul, state of the dead App. E, App. F

Sphragizo (Greek: seal) 11, App. J

seal of covenant belonging 11

comparison with charagma (mark) 11

Spirit baptism App. G

Spirit of prophecy 6, App. J

genitive and authority claims examined 6

Spiritualism 1, 13, App. E, App. F

author’s journey through 1

Subbotniks (Russian Sabbatarians) Bib.

diverse origins, identities, and Sabbath practice 5

Sunday 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, App. A, App. B

Catholic claims concerning Sunday authority 4, 11, App. C

no biblical command for 4, App. B

Sunday laws 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

current laws and advocacy 14

historical 5, 12

Szekler Sabbatarians 5

documented Transylvanian movement from the late sixteenth century 5

deportation and murder during the Holocaust (1944) 5

village flooded (1988) 5

T

Ten Commandments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 12, 16

Catholic and Protestant numbering traditions 2

Tertullian 5, App. F, App. G, Bib.

described Sabbaths as “strange” to his Christian circle (c. 200 AD); not a universal calendar claim 5

Textus Receptus App. H, App. I

Thread (remnant) 1, 5, Epilogue

recurring but non-continuous Sabbath witness 5

book’s central metaphor 1, Epilogue

Three angels’ messages 10

Three kingdoms (uprooted) 12

Heruli, Vandals, Ostrogoths 12

“Times and laws” (Daniel 7:25) 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12

Tolinger, Christina. See Martyrs

Tongues and interpretation App. G

Transubstantiation App. C, App. J

See also Mass (Catholic)

Trinity, history of doctrine App. G

Tyndale, William App. B, App. I

influence on KJV New Testament wording App. I

U

United States 5, 11, 14, App. A, App. D

earth-beast identification in Adventist historicism 14

Sunday legislation history 14

V

Vatican. See Roman Catholic Church

Vaticanus (Codex) App. H, App. I, App. J

textual differences and disputed readings App. I

Vulgate (Latin Bible) App. H, App. I

Jerome’s translation App. I

W

Waldenses 5

Piedmont valleys 5

Sabbath controversy in Moneta’s polemic; attribution limits 5

1655 massacre 5

Westcott and Hort App. H, App. I

White, Ellen G. 4, 5, 6, 16

Witnesses, hostile. See Hostile witness principle

Worship 1, 10, 11, 13, 16

true vs false 10, 11

Sabbath as proposed allegiance sign in Adventist historicism 11

See also Sabbath; Sunday

Y

Year-day principle 12

proposed biblical analogies 12

Z

Zinzendorf, Count Nikolaus Ludwig von 5

Moravian leader 5

“for many years already I have used the Sabbath for rest, as [I have used] our Sunday for the proclamation of the gospel” (1738); personal practice, not a Moravian rule 5